What is an Economizer in an HVAC system?
An economizer is an HVAC component that uses outside air, under suitable climate conditions, to reduce required mechanical cooling. When the outside air’s enthalpy is less than the required supply air during a call for cooling, an economizer allows a building’s mechanical ventilation system to use up to the maximum amount of outside air.
What is the main purpose of an economizer?
The main purpose of an economizer is to reduce the energy consumption of a building’s HVAC system by using outside air to cool the interior space when possible.
What does an economizer do on an HVAC unit?
An economizer on an HVAC unit uses outside air to cool the interior space when possible, which reduces the energy consumption of the HVAC system. This is the HVAC economizer function.
Economizers can be used in both packaged and split HVAC systems:
- In a packaged system, the economizer is typically located in the air handler.
- In a split system, the economizer is located in the outdoor unit.
There are two main types of economizers:
- Differential dry-bulb economizers use a sensor to compare the temperature of the outside air with the required supply air. When the outside air is cooler than the required supply air, the economizer brings in outside air.
- Enthalpy economizers use a sensor to compare the enthalpy of the outside air with the required supply air. Enthalpy takes into account both temperature and humidity. When the outside air is less humid than the required supply air, the economizer brings in outside air.
How much does an HVAC economizer cost?
The cost of an HVAC economizer depends on the type and size of the unit. Simple units can cost as little as $500, while more complex units can cost several thousand dollars.
Are economizers worth it?
Yes, economizers are typically worth the investment, as they can save significant amounts of energy and money over the long term. However, it is important to consult with a qualified HVAC contractor to determine whether an economizer is right for your particular building and climate.
HVAC economizer requirements
It is vary by climate. In general, economizers are most effective in climates with cool winters and mild summers. However, even in climate zones where economizers are not typically used, there may be specific circumstances (such as a data center with high cooling needs) where an economizer would be beneficial.
Conclusion
Economizers can save significant amounts of energy, especially in locations with mild climates. In many cases, economizers can provide all of a building’s cooling needs. However, economizers must be properly designed and controlled to avoid problems such as excessive humidity, condensation, and frost build-up.
Related Links
What is economizer? – Definition from WhatIs.com
Air-Side Economizer | Products | ENERGY STAR
Water-Side Economizer Cooling | STULZ USA
What is Data Center Economizer? Webopedia Definition
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